Traditional approaches to the study of animal behavior have most often assumed that all members of a species exhibit the same behavior, termed species typical behavior. The papers in Geographic Variation in Behavior demonstrate the fallacy of this assumption, providing ample evidence of variation across the ranges of a wide variety of taxa. Each of the chapters in this edited book describes research on behavioral characters that vary geographically, at least in part as a consequence of underlying genetic variation. The authors explore either the mechanisms by which the behavioral differences have evolved, or methodological issues in the evolutionary study of geographic variation in behavior. Taken together, the body of work represented in this book demonstrates that genetically based geographic variation in behavior may be the norm, rather than the exception. Equally, the examples offer exciting insights into the ways in which geographic variation in behavior can be used to understand the causes and consequences of behavioral evolution, and of evolutionary pattern in general. The book is unique in its emphasis on geographic variation in behavior as a source of evolutionary insight, and of information on the mechanisms of behavioral evolution.