How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food or mates, and find their way around? Do any nonhuman animals count, imitate one another, use a language or think as we do? What use is cognition in nature and how might it have evolved? Historically, research on such questions has been fragmented. Psychologists have contributed theoretical models and experiments on learning by studying a few species in the laboratory. Biologists have contributed insights about the evolution and the adaptive use of perception, learning, and decision making by studying numerous different species in nature. Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior integrates findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition in the broadest sense, from species-specific adaptations of vision in fish and cognitive mapping in rats and honey bees to theory of mind in chimpanzees. As a major contribution to an emerging interdisciplinary science of comparative cognition, this work will be an essential resource for all students and researchers in psychology, zoology, behavioral neuroscience and the cognitive sciences more generally who are concerned with how animals -- including humans -- process, retain, and use information as they do.